Distal kinematics of stroke survivors, particularly hand opening, were significantly affected by the proximal kinematics, as the hand aperture decreased and the duration of hand opening increased at the locations that requires shoulder abduction and elbow extension. Fourteen subjects, including nine chronic stroke survivors and five neurologically-intact subjects participated in an experiment involving transport and release of cylindrical objects between locations requiring distinct proximal kinematics. In this pilot study, we elucidated proximal–distal interactions and their functional impact on stroke survivors by quantitatively delineating how hand and arm movements affect each other across different phases of functional task performance, and how these interactions are influenced by stroke. 6Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korean Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South KoreaÄespite its importance, abnormal interactions between the proximal and distal upper extremity muscles of stroke survivors and their impact on functional task performance has not been well described, due in part to the complexity of upper extremity tasks.5Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States.4UNC/NC State Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States. ![]() 3Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States.2Center for Applied Biomechanics and Rehabilitation Research, National Rehabilitation Hospital, Washington, DC, United States.1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, United States.
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